Nine citizenship-by-investment programmes

Five Caribbean states, Vanuatu, Nauru, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Türkiye, each with its own route, timing and rules.

Information checked 4 October 2026

Government minimum. Agent and professional fees are additional.

At a glance

All nine side by side

ProgrammeStarting priceProcessing, as publishedResidenceSchengenUK
São Tomé and PríncipeFrom USD 90,000The unit's own pages give four different figuresNone, before or after citizenshipVisa neededVisa needed
NauruFrom USD 90,000Typically three to four months from submission to approvalNone, before or after citizenshipVisa-freeVisa needed
VanuatuFrom USD 130,000A decision within three months is the legal maximum; no typical time is publishedNoneVisa neededVisa needed
DominicaFrom USD 200,000About three to six months, an estimate the unit says it cannot promiseNone in the regulationsVisa-freeVisa needed
Antigua and BarbudaFrom USD 230,000Average first reply in 90 days; no figure for the whole processFive days within the first five years; a bill would raise it to 30Visa-freeNo visa (ETA)
GrenadaFrom USD 235,000Approval within 60 business days of submission, according to the agencyNone today; a 30-day rule is legislated but deferredVisa-freeNo visa (ETA)
Saint LuciaFrom USD 240,000About 90 days, on an FAQ page that is otherwise out of dateRequired by statute since 1 January 2026; terms not yet setVisa-freeVisa needed
St Kitts and NevisFrom USD 250,000120 to 180 days from acknowledgment to a decision in principleNone in force; announced, but waits for the regional regulatorVisa-freeNo visa (ETA)
TürkiyeFrom USD 400,000Not published by any official bodyA short-term residence permit is obtained before the citizenship file opensVisa neededVisa needed

Compare two or three in detail

Closed

Programmes that have closed

Malta ran an investor citizenship scheme until the EU Court of Justice ruled on 29 April 2025 that it breached EU law by, in effect, commercialising citizenship. Malta then amended its citizenship law, removing the investor route and replacing it with naturalisation for exceptional merit.

More on why Malta's programme closed. We list a programme as closed only when an official source says so. Reports that other routes are paused appear on the relevant programme page as reports, not as facts.

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Sources and last checked29 government and official sources · checked 4 October 2026
  1. São Tomé and Príncipe CIU (cip.gov.st) — Donation to the National Transformation Fund, checked 4 October 2026
  2. São Tomé and Príncipe CIU (cip.gov.st) — FAQ, About, About the Program and Investment Structure pages, checked 4 October 2026
  3. Regulation (EU) 2018/1806, consolidated text 02018R1806-20251230 (EUR-Lex / Publications Office), latest consolidated version as of 2026-10-04, checked 4 October 2026
  4. GOV.UK, Immigration Rules Appendix Visitor: Visa national list (page updated 3 August 2026), checked 4 October 2026
  5. RONLAW - Extension of the Designation of the Special Project for the Iruwa Initiative, SL 28 of 2026, GN 570/2026, Gazette 197/2026 (5 June 2026), checked 4 October 2026
  6. Naoero Program Office (official programme website, ecrcp.gov.nr) - Contribution page, checked 4 October 2026
  7. Naoero Program Office - FAQ page, checked 4 October 2026
  8. Vanuatu Citizenship Office & Commission — Fees and Charges page, checked 4 October 2026
  9. Citizenship Act [CAP 112], Consolidated Edition 2021 (hosted by Citizenship Office), checked 4 October 2026
  10. Regulation (EU) 2025/11 of 19 December 2024 amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 as regards Vanuatu (OJ L, 14.1.2025), checked 4 October 2026
  11. Commonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment Regulations, 2024 (S.R.O. No. 8 of 2024, gazetted 28 June 2024), checked 4 October 2026
  12. Citizenship by Investment Unit of Dominica — 'A Timeline of the Dominica Citizenship Application Process' (3 Sep 2026), checked 4 October 2026
  13. Citizenship by Investment Unit of Dominica — FAQs page, checked 4 October 2026
  14. Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Regulations 2024, Statutory Instrument 2024 No. 50 (made 25 July 2024), hosted by CIU, checked 4 October 2026
  15. CIU Brochure (update dated 17 Sept 2024, PDF), checked 4 October 2026
  16. CIU — Citizenship page, checked 4 October 2026
  17. Grenada Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations, SRO 15 of 2024 (gazetted 28 June 2024, in force 1 July 2024), checked 4 October 2026
  18. IMA Grenada — Enquiries / FAQs page, checked 4 October 2026
  19. IMA Grenada Circular No. 2 of 2026 — Operationalization of the Regional Agreement and Commencement of Residence Requirements (21 Aug 2026), checked 4 October 2026
  20. Citizenship by Investment (Amendment)(No. 2) Regulations, S.I. No. 106 of 2024 (in force 1 July 2024), checked 4 October 2026
  21. Saint Lucia CIU — FAQs page, checked 4 October 2026
  22. Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Act No. 22 of 2025 (10 November 2025), checked 4 October 2026
  23. St Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Substantial Investment Regulations, 2024 (SRO No. 20 of 2024), checked 4 October 2026
  24. St Kitts and Nevis CIU — Sustainable Island State Contribution page, checked 4 October 2026
  25. CIU press release, 30 Sep 2026 (Outbound Investment Summit, New York), checked 4 October 2026
  26. Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi — Türk Vatandaşlığı Kanununun Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik (consolidated, Art. 20), checked 4 October 2026
  27. NVİ — Yabancı Yatırımcıların İstisnai Olarak Türk Vatandaşlığını Kazanmalarına İlişkin Usul ve Esaslar, checked 4 October 2026
  28. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 29 April 2025, European Commission v Republic of Malta, Case C-181/23, EU:C:2025:283 (CELEX 62023CJ0181, EU Publications Office); also at https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-181/23, checked 4 October 2026
  29. Maltese Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XXI of 2025), legislation.mt (Laws of Malta, official), checked 4 October 2026
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